![]() ![]() Temperature was defined as the relative measure of how hot or cold a material is. These included temperature, pressure, mass, specific volume and density. Several properties of fluids were discussed in the Thermodynamics section of this text. Essentially, fluids are materials which have no repeating crystalline structure. This includes liquids, gases and even some materials which are normally considered solids, such as glass. The third is the conservation of mass (leading to the continuity equation) which will be explained in this module.Ī fluid is any substance which flows because its particles are not rigidly attached to one another. The second is the conservation of energy (leading to the First Law of Thermodynamics) which was studied in thermodynamics. The first is the principle of momentum (leading to equations of fluid forces) which was covered in the manual on Classical Physics. The basic principles of fluid flow include three concepts or principles the first two of which the student has been exposed to in previous manuals. Even though this type of analysis would not be sufficient in the engineering design of systems, it is very useful in understanding the operation of systems and predicting the approximate response of fluid systems to changes in operating parameters. These basic concepts can be applied in solving fluid flow problems through the use of simplifying assumptions and average values, where appropriate. ![]() Unlike solids, the particles of fluids move through piping and components at different velocities and are often subjected to different accelerations.Įven though a detailed analysis of fluid flow can be extremely difficult, the basic concepts involved in fluid flow problems are fairly straightforward. Fluid flow systems are also commonly used to provide lubrication.įluid flow in the nuclear field can be complex and is not always subject to rigorous mathematical analysis. Examples of this are the cooling water circulated through a gasoline or diesel engine, the air flow past the windings of a motor, and the flow of water through the core of a nuclear reactor. Frequently, when it is desired to remove heat from the point at which it is generated, some type of fluid is involved in the heat transfer process. The continuity equation expresses the relationship between mass flow rates at different points in a fluid system under steady-state flow conditions.įluid flow is an important part of most industrial processes especially those involving the transfer of heat. This is the volumetric amount of substance that will flow pass in a unit of time.Understanding the quantities measured by the volumetric flow rate and mass flow rate is crucial to understanding other fluid flow topics. DiameterĮnter the inside diameter of the circular pipe or duct. Flow Velocity MeasuredĮnter the speed at which the substance is moving. This formula assumes uniform flow conditions within the entire cross-sectional area of pipe, without any friction losses near to surfaces. The volumetric flow rate formulae used by this calculator is: For each new calculation a unique conversion scale will be generated for the range of flow speeds and volumetric flow rates for the diameter specified. This tool will calculate the volumetric flow rate in any units from the specified velocity of a substance flowing through a round duct or pipe of a chosen diameter. ![]()
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